CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

SECTION A
(PERSONAL DATA)

Name: Joshua Gonzales

Birthday: December 1, 2005

Gender: Male

Address: Ph 7b Pkg 1 Blk 57 Excess Lot Bagong Silang Caloocan City

Religion: Christian

Mother’s Name: Eura Gonzales

Father’s Name: Erick Gonzales

Number of siblings: Three (3)

Educational Background: Kinder student of WUNO Day Care Center

Brief Description about the child: The client is alert and love to talk to everyone. He likes to catch the attention of others.

SECTION B

(JOINING PROCESS)

Joshua, my client is my neighbor. I choose him as my subject in my case study because as I can observe him, he is an interesting child and there is something in his behavior. Just like what other people told me as they also observe him.  And as his counselor my roles are to guide and let the child understand what is wrong in his behavior but of course I will approach him in a proper manner that it would not hurt his feelings.

          My goals are to let the child realize the things that are not appropriate to do and the good behavior that they should possess. I  may use the reverse psychology or the gestalt therapy.

SECTION C
(PRESENTING PROBLEM)

          As I conduct my observation to my client, I approach his mother and asked her about the behavior of her son, and she observe her son she told me that her son is very energetic and talkative. He always catches their attention by making things that are not appropriate, like hurting his cousin when they are playing, at first they were playing and the next thing they knew, his cousin was crying because he did something to her.

          And to really understand the problem of my client, I also asked his teacher if she also have an issue regarding about the behavior of the child. She told me that most of the time child tends to bully his classmate every time he has a way. He tend to bully his classmates that are smaller than him.

SECTION D

(PSYCHOLOGICAL HISTORY)

          

December 1, 2005 – Birth of the child (His parents are both happy)

December 20, 2005 – Baptismal of the child

December 1, 2006 – First Birthday (His parent conduct a birthday party for him and as a child he is so happy that day)

April 2006 – First word “mama”

October 2006 – His first walk

June 2010 – First day on School (He talk with his seatmates and very happy that at last he is now going to school)

October 2010 – He joined in the United Nation that the school conducts.

          

         
          

          D4.

As I talk to my client as a part of my observation with him, I let him describe himself. He said that he is naughty, energetic, playful, love to eat and generous. He also said that he is afraid of worm, cockroach and spider but he loves to watch Ben 10 series.

He can play with people who approach him unless he likes them. He is easy to be with but also he loves to irritate other person or child.

          D5.

                   RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS PARENTS.

·         The relationship of Joshua with his parents is good though sometimes they don’t have enough time for him. When Joshua commit mistakes they punished and talked to him that doing bad with other person is not good. Sometimes they shout on him when he catch their attention by doing bad but later on they will approach him and explain to him the reason why.

RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS TEACHER

·         I asked the teacher of Joshua about her relationship with him and she said that sometimes it is hard to deal with him especially when he is so energetic. As his teacher observed and watched him, Joshua loves to disturb his classmates but as she talked and approached Joshua, he will stop and become quite.

D6.

          Joshua love to play with his male classmates while he loves to bully his female classmates. He love to do things that irritate someone but he is a good sport in terms of playing with his favorite playmates.

          He is alert and energetic in doing his different activities whether in their house or in their school. He also love to watch television and play.

Narrative description.

            Just like in the theory of Alfred Adler that lack of attention of parents or neglecting can affect the behavior of the child. Neglect is the failing to give a child sufficient care and attention; thereby the child may create the belief that the world is a cold and unfriendly place. Neglecting the child or lack of attention can cause misbehavior such as bullying just in the case of Joshua. His parents don’t have enough time for him, they tend to neglect him so the best thing he can do is to bully other child just to catch the attention of his parents even though he may hurt other child or his parents may get mad and punished him.

            In there home, Joshua use or bully other child to catch the attention of his parents while in his school or classroom, Joshua tend to bully others especially girls to be accepted by his peers or boy classmates and satisfy the happiness that they felt even though they may hurt other. Just like in the theory of Albert Bandura, the Social Learning Theory. This theory focuses on the learning occurs within a social context. It consider that people learn from one another, including such concept as observational learning, imitation and modeling. People can learn by observing the behavior of the other and the outcomes of those behaviors. Also people are often reinforced for modeling the behavior of other, just like in the case of Joshua, he imitate the behavior of his other classmates, they tend to bully others so the tendency, Joshua will also bully others to fit the needs of the group of boys in the classroom. The other bully boys are the model of behavior of Joshua. The imitated behavior itself leads to reinforcing consequences. Many behaviors that we learn from other produce satisfying or reinforcing results.

            Joshua has aggressive and violent models – his boy classmates. They tend to bully girls and weak one. In the theory of Bandura, many behaviors can be learned, at least partly, through modeling. Aggression can be learned through models. Research indicates that children become more aggressive when they observe aggressive or violent models.

            In the graph shown above the problem of Joshua is lack of attention by his parents and also he wants to belong with his peers and boy classmates inside the classroom. To lessen or to prevent it from becoming more dominant behavior of the child the parents and the teacher should do something about it and it is also shown in the graphical representation above.

SECTION F

PROGNOSIS

            Attention is one way of showing our love and care for our child, if we look on it or we tend to neglect the needs and the child himself it can cause misbehavior. Just like in the situation of  Joshua, his parents are too busy with their own   business and they forget or they did not fulfill their responsibility to Joshua. They tend to neglect him and didn’t supply him with a proper love and care, eventhough, they can give the material needs of Joshua. Like toys, foods and money still its not enough, they should still keep in touch with him and guide and monitor him. Personal supervision of parents are better than the supervision of other people because the level of attachment are different. The family or the parents are really have a big role to the growth and the development f a child especially Joshua because he is the youngest in the family. He need the guidance of his family.

            Joshua have issues in their house, he also have this kind of issues in his school. He also tend to bully his clssmates, the girls and weak ones with the help of other bully peers and classmates.

            The need to belong is a basic human need. Students who are accepted by teacher and classmates feel belong to the class. Students who feel are part of the class look forward to attend and participate in class. The sense of belongingness enhances their learning and performance but in the care of Joshua, he have different perspective to belongingness because  for him to be able to belong and relate with his peers and boys, classmates he tend to bully girls, smaller and weak ones. But bullying ve it several forms, it can be mild, intense or deeply. In  Joshua’s case, I think the bully behavior is intense but not deeply or that strong.

            I think the best solution to this is the collaboration between the family, parents and teachers. Parents should have more enough time for Joshua that they will be able to monitor and guide him as well as his teacher, he/she also guide him. Parents should have a quality time to their children especially to Joshua for them to identify and know e basic needs and the feelings and emotion of their child. The teacher should have a positive reinforcement that can lead to Joshua to do good things rather than bullying others.

            I think with his, it can lessen or prevent the bullying behavior of Joshua.

G. THERAPUTIC PLANS

          G.1.Knowledge Building

At the end of the case study, the client must build knowledge about the things that surround him.

·         Let the child express himself and all his emotions and feelings.

·         Let the child have more understanding about the things that may affect him or his behavior.

G.2.Skills Building

At the end of the case study, the client must build:

·         Good communication skills .He should have practice his communication skills between him and other people for him to avoid trouble with other people or children and for him to be able to have a peaceful relationship with others.

·         Enhance his physical skills and expose him on some sports that may catch his attention and can avoid him from bullying others.

·         Give activities that can enhance his creativity and an artistic side that can divert him from doing things that are harmful to others.

G.3.Attitude Building

At the end of the case study, client must build:

·         Respect to other people and their individual differences.

·         Prolong his patience for him to be able to avoid bullying.

·         Impart the importance of values that they should possess when they are talking with adults, playing with friends and when they are inside the classroom.

H. THERAPUTIC INTERVENTION

OBJECTIVES	ACTIVITIES	SCHEDULE
Knowledge Building Let the child express himself and all his emotions and feelings. Let the child have more understanding about the things that may affect him or his behavior.	Role Playing Nature Walk	March 5, 2011       Saturday       1:00 pm
Skills Building Good communication skills Enhance his physical skills and expose him on some sports. Give activities that can enhance his creativity and an artistic side.	Storytelling Playing Balls Making Artwork       (drawing)	March 7, 2011       Monday       1:00 pm
Attitude Building Respect to other people and their individual differences. Impart the importance of values. Prolong his patience.	Presentation of pictures with different values Solving puzzle	March 9, 2011       Wednesday       1:00 pm

I. THERAPUTIC PROGRESS

ACTIVITIES	SCHEDULE	PROGRESS
Role Playing Nature Walk	March 5, 2011 Saturday       1:00 pm March 5, 2011 Saturday       1:00 pm	He interacts with his peers and friends without bullying them and he enjoyed talking and chatting with them. He loves their attention. The client child become more aware of his environment and he become comfortable with it. He communicates with other people with the proper behavior.
Storytelling Playing Balls Making Artwork       (drawing)	March 7, 2011  Monday       1:00 pm March 7, 2011  Monday       1:00 pm March 7, 2011  Monday       1:00 pm	The child expresses his feelings, emotion and he can open-up, and sometimes he relates himself in the story. He interacts with his peers and friends in appropriate way. He never bullies them but instead they play with enjoyment. He expresses his emotions and relationship with his family through his drawings.
Presentation of pictures with different values Solving Puzzle	March 9, 2011  Wednesday       1:00 pm March 9, 2011  Wednesday       1:00 pm	The child listens carefully while I am discussing and sometimes he asks questions about the pictures. In addition, he fond was of the pictures. He becomes patience in solving the puzzle and he gives his time and effort to solve it.

J. THERAPUTIC RESULT

          As a therapist of the child, I have observed that my client child is a bully and seek for the attention of his parents and others. The objectives are base on the behavior of the child and it aims to improve and develop his behavior in a positive way. I made activities that can match or are related to my objectives so that it can really help in terms of improving the behavior of the child. With the knowledge building, I give activities were in he can have new learning about his environment and surroundings. With this activity, he can be aware of the other dimensions of life. He can successfully express all his emotions and feeling with the role-playing. He helped himself to accomplish it as well as his peers and friend. With the skills building, I gave activities that can enhance his communication skills where in he can express himself like in the storytelling and making artworks and he successfully did it. The client child also discovers that he can draw all his fears, anger, sorrow and happiness. And lastly, with the attitude building, I conducted activities that can help me develop the values and behavior of the child and as we conducting it I can really see that he learn and give attention to the different values that a child like him should possess.

K. SUMMARY OF THE CASE STUDY

          SUMMARY

          The child’s name is Joshua Gonzales and he is a 5-year-old child. He tend to bully other people, when he is in their house he tend to bully hi9s niece and when he is in the school, he tend to bully his girl classmates together with his boy classmate friends.

          As I gathered information, I asked his parents the reason behind his misbehavior; his mother told me that they treat him well just like his brother and sister but sometimes they really do not have enough time for Joshua and sometimes they tend to neglect him. Therefore, to understand further the behavior of Joshua, I also asked his teacher, she said that, Joshua is too energetic and love to disturb and ‘bully” others.

          I relate the situation of Joshua to the theory and principles of Alfred Adler and to the theory of Albert Bandura, which is the Social Learning Theory.

          I conducted activities that can develop his personality and behavior of Joshua. I have objectives for the knowledge development like role-playing, nature walk while for the skills building are storytelling, play balls and making artworks, and lastly for the attitude building, I conduct an activity like solving puzzle.

          I’m expecting my client to be more expressive of his expression, feelings and emotions and at the end of this case study he will become more good in treating others.

          CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that the child wanted to have attention and wanted to belong to others are the main reason behind his bully behavior. His parents are lack of attention for him so to catch their attention he tend to bully his niece so that they can acknowledge his presence while in his school, Joshua tend to bully his other classmates especially girls for him to be able to belong with his boy classmates.

           Therefore, I give activities that can enrich his personality and he can become more aware of the feelings of others and become good to them.

          RECOMMENDATION

          I recommend that the parent should have always have a time for their child and let the child always feel important and loved because if they cant make or do it, the child can be a bully again and seek for the attention of others or worst he can join gangs that can make him feel that he belongs to their group.

          Always let the child understand the situation and let him express his feelings.

          If his bully behavior becomes worst, recommend him to a good counselor that can help him with his behavior.

                  

L. IMPLICATION TO EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN

          With the observation and the case study that we have been through, I can now say that it really helps me a lot especially to my studies and my assessment with the young children.

          With the observation and the information that I have gathered, I can now understand the different behaviors of child and the reason behind it. Maybe because they are affected and influenced by their family, peers, environment and even their experiences.

          With also the help of the case study, I can now know how to handle and to deal with a child that has a “bully” type of behavior. Bully child should not be neglected or isolated because it may hurt their feelings and can boost them to become more bully, but instead we should give them more time and effort. We should also approach them smoothly and carefully. We should let them feel that they are important and that we and other individuals around them love them. We should also teach them the proper behavior and values that they should possess. We should let them know what behavior a child like them must have and because they are children, we should become more patience to them. We should understand that it would really take time for them to change and adjust.

          I’m happy that I have conducted this case study because it open my eyes and mind from every situation that I may encounter in the field of teaching.

PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPHY SUMMARY

PSYCHOANALYSIS THERAPY SUMMARY

BRIEF BIOGRAPY

Freud(1856-1939) spent nearly all of his life in Vienna. He was an excellent student but his career choices were restricted beecause of his jewish heritage. He settled on medicine and at the age of 26 he attained a position at the Uiversity of Vienna. By exploring the meaning of his own dreams, he gained heights into the dynamics of personality and he formulated his clinical theory and observe the work of his patients in analysis. He had very little tolerance of collegues who diverged from his psychoanalytic doctrines. He died of cancer of the jaw in London.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMAENT

The origins of psychoanalysis are identified with the early 1880’s. During this time, Josef Bruer’s treatment of hysteria influenced Freud’s thinking. Freud studied under Jean Charot, where he explored the use of hypnotic techniques. Those two experiences, among others led to Freud first using the term psychoanalysis in 1986.

                                                              

VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

Sigmund Freud painted a vivid portrait of human nature. He believed that that personality was determined entirely by conditions and events beyond personal control. He divided personality into three components parts: first the id and were present at birth, entirely unconscious,, and all innate instincts) second :ego developing out of the id at about 6-8months to help the id gain its end the third is super ego- developing out of he ego at about ages 3-5and including the ego ideal and the conscience.

 He also believed that that every one was highly sexual, and he believes that this happened during years of " childhood innocence." and this could be trace. And further more,Freud also believes adult perosonality was established by about age 5, following a more or less set course through a series of psychosexual stages

DEVELOPMENT OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

In the psycho sexual stage, the conflicts and fixations is first developed.  When the ego is unable to cope, it may allow more libido to regress to earlier points of fixation, resulting in childishness, narcissism, or immorality and destructiveness or what we called maladaptive behavior.

GOALS OF THE THERAPY    

The ultimate goal of psychoanalytic is not to remove the symptoms instead, it is the total reconstruction of personality through making the unconscious conscious

- offers help to those who are willing and able to endure a lengthy, arduous, and often painful process to achieve a resolution for intra psychic conflicts that will enable them to handle life's other conflicts in a healthier way.  

- to general strengthening of a person's ego so that instinctual aggressive and sexual impulses could be brought under control 

- it is designed to reintegrate previously repressed experiences in the total personality structure  

FUNCTION OF THE THERAPIST

 - neither offers advice/nor extends sympathy

- encourages clients/patients to talk whatever comes to mind especially about the childhood experiences

- fosters transference by allowing the client to project unresolved conflicts, feelings, and experiences onto the analyst

 - active and a neutral observer

4 MAJOR METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THERAPY

In the psychoanalytic theraphy there are 4 major techniques the free association,dream analysis, interpretation of transference, analysis of resistance.

1. FREE ASSOCIATION-  this technique encourages clients to speak their mind and say whatever they're thin

king regardless of how silly,unimportant,rude or painful it may be.Generally this technique allows for some catharsis ( meaning " purification"the expression of emotions that is expected to lead to their reduction) and the therapist keeps an ear open to repressed material that with a goal of leading the client toward better insights of the hidden dynamics.

2.DREAM ANALYSIS-  sigmund freud believed that dreams are the" road to the unconscious" because of the fact that so much repressed unconscious material arises within the context of dreams. the therapist works to cover the disguised meanings that are in dream through the study of the dream symbolism.

when a person sleeps, the ego relaxes its control over unconscious materials. because dreams become a window into the unconscious

The analyst may also discuss or interpret the meaning of dreams.

MANIFEST CONTENT- which are said to contain surface material.

LATENT CONTENT- the deeper hidden meaning.

Freud found consistent symbols in dreams that signified the same thing for nearly everyone.

the steps,ladders.and staircases represent sexual intercourse

the candles, snakes and tree trunks stood for the penis.

freud warned that they still have to be interpreted with in the context of the individuals life.

3. INTERPRETATION OF TRANSFERENCE- which occurs when the client responds to the analyst as a significant authority person out of his  or her life,an obstacle to treatment. Both positive an negative feelings can be transferred statements of administration,anger or dislikes are categories of transference.interpretation of transference encourages its development to enhance insight into the clients way of perceiving,feeling,and reacting to significant figures from early life. 

COUNTERTRANSFERENSE- is when the therapist does react personally

4. INTERPRETATION OF RESISTANCE-. resistance occurs when a client becomes reluctant to bring unconscious or repressed thoughts to the surface and explore then. it is also identified as " any idea ,attitude,feeling,or action( conscious or unconscious) that fosters the status quo and gets in the way of change. the therapist of the psychoanalytic model will usually point out resistance when it occurs and then educate the client about how better work with the unconscious material as opposed to resist it.

APPLICATION

In Dora's case according to Freud both resistance and transference clearly revealed. she flee from the therapy because her dream also signified something about Freud her past experiences. it can be a long term and can be intensive therapy session.

if the client is a like Dora who flee from therapy where everything seems to be okay, it is difficult both for the therapist and to Dora because, in the therapist the information is incomplete and to Dora it will take a long time for her to heal herself

CRITICAL ANALYSIS

The psychiatric literature contains many testimonials to the insights and personality changes achieved through psychoanalysis. This theory is very comprehensive conceptual systems of human understanding. But the problem with psychoanalysis is the relative vagueness of its concepts and the difficulties it presents in deriving clear and verifiable hypothesis. Psychoanalysis also presents limitations when applied to multicultural counseling. On the other hand, a strength of psychotherapy as part of the training of therapists that helps therapists of all ethnic and racial backgrounds become aware of their own biases and prejudices.

CURRENT STATUS

Contemporary psychoanalytic thinking can be divided into three major camps: ego psychology, object-relations theories and self-psychology. In ego psychology the goal is to help clients know themselves more fully, understand their inner conflicts and become more aware of ways to respond differently in the future. Beyond the tensions surrounding sex and aggression, issues of identity, intimacy, and integrity become especially salient in this traditions. Object-relations a technical term roughly translated as “past interpersonal relationships”. These theorists point out that we develop our patterns of living from our early relations particularly with parents----internalized “objects’. The goal of object-relations therapy is to understand how these childhood patterns are repeated in adult life. Self-originating in infancy, the self-integrates and develops incrementally to produce either healthy relationship or the opposite, the full range of adult psychopathologies.

GROUP MEMBERS:

Tampus, Ma.Ellen Jay

Billones, Cherry

Garais, Eloisa

Duterte, Sheryl

Haveria, Maricris